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Brains “More brains!“
A Brief Outline of Kant, Grounding, section 1
Stephen Miller, White House advisor (minutes 6-7)
Phil 1001 Quiz 1
_____ 1. In the Apology, Socrates says he is putting his trust in truth and not the elegant rhetorical language that his accusers employ.
_____2. Socrates confessed that, yes, he is a teacher of young men as his proper occupation, but his fees are only half of the going rate that the others like Gorgias, Prodicus and Hippias charge.
_____3. Because the Oracle of Dephi said no one is wiser than Socrates, Socrates is out to prove this is false by questioning Athenians who claim to be wise.
_____4. When charged with corrupting the young people, Socrates responded by saying he is in fact educating and improving them.
_____5. Socrates responds to the charge of atheism by saying that the spirits (daimons) he follows are either gods or children of gods.
_____6. Socrates claims that he is a gift of the gods to the city for the betterment of the people.
_____7. The jury’s verdict was almost unanimous that Socrates is guilty.
_____8. In the phase of the trial to determine his punishment, Socrates who was 70 years old said that he would be willing to be silent and mind his own business for what few years remained to him so long as they let him live and receive free meals.
_____9. In the end Socrates offers the alternative that he pay a fine of 30 minas to be guaranteed by his friends present at the trial.
_____10. Socrates holds this truth: nothing bad can happen to a good man, whether in life or in death.
Quiz 1 Rep 3
Phil 1001 Quiz 1 Plato’s Republic Book 3 NAME: ___________________
_____ 1. Resuming the discussion of the guardians from Book 2, Socrates in Book 3 now
critiques Greek religious culture and literature in an extended way as undermining the
true way guardians and people more broadly should conduct their virtuous lives.
_____2. Truth is important for all citizens. Lying is permissible only for the rulers when
acting for the good of the city.
_____3. The works of poets and other writers that praise injustice, saying that many of
the unjust are happy and just unhappy, must be forbidden.
_____4. The lives of the guardians must be kept simple and focused, since their
excellences are key to the entire society. Musical or cultural education must be
harmonious like orderly and harmonious auditory music.
_____5. Excessive need for doctors and medicines is a sign of an intemperate society.
_____6. But there should be diversity among the guardians, with some of them truly
savage and others soft and gentle.
_____7. Those children fit to be guardians are easy to see when they are young, so there
is no need for constant observation as they grow up. It is in the genes.
_____8. The right procedure is to guide all the children into the class of guardians and
then see who has the talents and skills needed.
_____9. The Myth of the Metals is a noble lie and has it that we are all brothers (and
sisters) of the earth, some gold, some silver, some bronze or iron, with each child
judged according to its real nature. This will unify the society into a city of diverse
workers but also structured for the good of the whole.
_____10. The guardians, then, since they are key to the whole, should more than others
be rewarded with private property and personal wealth of gold and silver
Quiz 2 Rep 4
Phil 1001 Quiz 2Plato’s Republic Book 4 NAME: ___________________
_____ 1. While the guardians do not get special pleasures, they are persuaded to live
and work for the whole city and so will be among the most happy for doing so.
_____2. Wealth and poverty can rule the souls of people, so the guardians should avoid
them for themselves and work to be sure neither become established in the city.
_____3. If the guardians prove strong, the city should expand in size and power to gain
more wealth for all its citizens.
_____4. For Socrates it is right that each person should be assigned to the job that
naturally suits him and that will unify the city.
_____5. The city is wise and prudent through knowledge through “the craft of
guardianship”. The smallest group has knowledge and wisdom but we seek courage,
justice and temperance (a sort of harmony) too, that is, self-mastery, which is selfcontrol
in the soul.
_____6. The city is made up of workers, guardians and rulers working together and with
each doing its own job for the good of the whole.
_____7. As the city has 3 parts, so the soul has 3 parts: the appetitive, the spirited and
the reasoning part.
_____8. Justice is each part doing its own job and the job of reason is to manage itself
and the spirited and the appetitive parts for the good of the whole in a harmonious
way, while injustice is in thedisorder of the parts.
_____9. The guardians, then, are overseers for the good of the whole but here the
distinction is between three classes with the wise part managing the spirited and
appetitive parts for the good of the whole person or city.
_____10. The rulers must be rewarded with private property and personal wealth of
gold and silver since they have been far above the guardian class from the very
beginning because of their special talents for reasoning and ordering the city
An Overview Outline of Plato’s Republic
1. What is Justice?
1.1. Book 1
1.1.1. Introduction (Can you persuade us if we do not listen?)
1.1.2. Three views of justice
1.1.2.1. Cephalus
1.1.2.2. Polemarchus
1.1.2.3. Thrasymchus
1.1.2.4. The refutation of Socrates
1.2. Book 2
1.2.1. The challenges of Glaucon and Adeimantus
1.2.1.1. Challenge of Glaucon
1.2.1.2. Challenge of Adeimantus
1.2.2. The Response of Socrates that justice is in itself more valuable than injustice.
1.2.2.1. Proposing the model of the city
1.2.2.2. Forming the city
1.3. Book 3 Educating the citizens of the city
1.3.1. Educating the guardians
1.3.2. Uniting the city (with the myth of the metals or the noble lie).
1.4. Book 4: Justice in the city and its inhabitants
1.4.1. Virtues and the roles of inhabitants: How justice works in the city
1.4.2. Based on that model, how justice works in the soul
2. Book 5. Following reason where it takes us (to the theory of Forms)
2.1. Women
2.2. Breeding inhabitants
2.3. The Philosopher King
2.3.1. Attributes of the King
2.3.2.1.The nature of knowledge and the Forms
2.3.2.2.Book 6. The philosopher and objects of knowledge
2.3.2.2.1. The Divided Line: States of Apprehension and Objects Apprehended
2.3.2.2.2. Simile of the Sun, the Form of the Good
2.3.2.2.3. Book 7. Allegory of the Cave
2.3.2.2.4. Education & Training of Philosophers
3. Corruption, Tyranny, Aristocracy, Justice and Truth
Book 8 Corruption and Decline of Cities and Souls
3.1. Political Regimes in failure
3.2. Souls in failure
3.3. Book 9. Return to the question of Book 2. The Tyrant, Philosopher and the Final Proofs of Justice
3.4 Book 10.
3.4.1. Attack on the poets
3.4.2. The indestructible soul
3.4.3. The Myth
3.4.4. Conclusion