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A Brief Outline of Kant, Grounding, section 1
Quiz 10 Aristotle:
Phil 1001 Quiz 10 Aristotle NAME: ___________________
_____1. For Aristotle virtue is a state that involves decision.
_____2. Virtue consists in a mean relative to us.
_____3. Virtue is defined by reference to the right reason as an intelligent person would define it.
_____4. Actions which seem to be a mixture of the voluntary and the involuntary, such as dumping cargo from a ship to avoid sinking in a storm, are for Aristotle done willingly and have their origin in the agent. Consequently such actions must be deemed voluntary on the whole.
_____5. Aristotle holds ignorance of particulars never makes an action involuntary.
_____6. Voluntary action seems to be up to us, and so are virtue and vice according to Aristotle.
_____7. For Aristotle absolutely everything is open to deliberation.
_____8. According to Aristotle, however, we really are not responsible for our character because we were not in a position to choose the family and society into which we were born.
_____9. According to Aristotle, there is such a thing as natural justice and it manifests itself exactly the same way in each society and era.
_____10. Aristotle holds that persons of just character always do just actions and that if a person thought to be of just character did something unjust, that person would be proven to be vicious.
Extra Credit option for Friday: https://drive.google.com/file/d/1l6m12mXk-PCVd_zRq3RSsiBq8uiXXT2S/view?usp=sharing
Phil 1001 Quiz11 Ethical Egoism and Moral Relativism. NAME _________________
Indicate whether you think the statement is true or false with a T or F next to the statement number. If the statement is irrelevant or partially false, mark it F.
_____1. Psychological Egoism claims that we are psychologically determined by our natures to pursue what is good for our whole society.
_____2. Ethical Egoism claims that it is always right to put our own good first and to do otherwise is to be unfair to ourselves. We morally ought to put ourselves first.
_____3. Rational Egoism holds that complex reasoning such as we find in Kant is the right way to act because it will be to our benefit and lead to ultimate happiness of the very highest kind.
_____4. Aristotle can be considered an Egoist insofar as we should strive to fulfill our natures as human beings in the most complete way but that as social beings we should do so only in ways that recognize that we can flourish only in a just and fair society.
_____5. Descriptive moral relativism does not make moral claims but rather is similar to anthropology which recognizes that there are different moral systems in different cultures.
_____6. Claims of rightness or wrongness of moral actions are normative claims.
_____7. Cultural relativism makes the claim that there is no one cross-cultural norm of conduct. Beating children or wives is a cultural practice in some societies and cannot be condemned by those who hold other cultural perspectives.
_____8. A major issue (sometimes called The Grounding Problem) for cultural relativism is solved by the realization that there are complex links between cultures proving they are in the end all one.
_____9. Truth and rightness of moral actions in the context of cultural relativism between societies cannot be attained.
_____10. In large open nations of mixed ethnic backgrounds such as the U.S. undermine the possibility of cultural relativism of society norms and laws.